Global warming is the continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Global warming is caused by increased concentrations of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting from
human activities such as deforestation and burning of fossil fuels.
[2][3] This finding is recognized by the national science academies of all the major industrialized countries and is not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing.
[4][5][A]
The
instrumental temperature record shows that the average global surface temperature increased by
0.74 °C (1.33 °F) during the 20th century.
[6] Climate model projections are summarized in the
Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). They indicate that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.5 to 1.9 °C (2.7 to 3.4 °F) for their lowest
emissions scenario and 3.4 to 6.1 °C (6.1 to 11 °F) for their highest.
[7] The ranges of these estimates arise from the use of models with differing
sensitivity to greenhouse gas concentrations.
[8] [9]
An increase in global temperature will cause
sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of
precipitation, and a probable expansion of
subtropical deserts.
[10] Warming is expected to be
strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with continuing
retreat of glaciers,
permafrost and
sea ice. Other likely effects of the warming include more frequent occurrence of
extreme weather events including
heatwaves,
droughts and heavy rainfall events,
species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes, and changes in
agricultural yields. Warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe, though the nature of these regional changes is uncertain.
[11] In a 4 °C world, the limits for human adaptation are likely to be exceeded in many parts of the world, while the limits for adaptation for natural systems would largely be exceeded throughout the world. Hence, the ecosystem services upon which human livelihoods depend would not be preserved.
[12]
Proposed responses to global warming include
mitigation to reduce emissions,
adaptation to the effects of global warming, and
geoengineering to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or reflect incoming solar radiation back to space. The main international mitigation effort is the
Kyoto Protocol, which seeks to stabilize greenhouse gas concentration to prevent a "dangerous anthropogenic interference".
[13] As of May 2010,
192 states had ratified the protocol.
[14] The only members of the
UNFCCC that were asked to sign the treaty but have not yet ratified it are the USA and Afghanistan
REFLECTION
Based on the article above, we must reduce using of fossil fuels because it can make greenhouse effect. So, we must use public transportation. Secondly, we must reduce using air conditioner to avoid the produce of CFC gases which can deplating the ozone layer. Thirdly, we must reduce deforestration which make the rises of temperature. So, we must use many alternative ways for the example is use recycle technique especially paper's product.
